Intracardiac Echocardiography to Diagnose Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valve Thrombosis

Intracardiac Echocardiography to Diagnose Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valve Thrombosis

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A 48-year-old woman presented with heart failure and bioprosthetic pulmonary valve regurgitation 2 years after Foulard pulmonary valve replacement.Intracardiac echocardiography demonstrated uniform thickening of a single prosthetic valve leaflet suggesting Stainless Steel SMAW leaflet thrombosis rather than bioprosthetic valve degeneration.After 3 months of anticoagulation, valve regurgitation and symptoms improved.(Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).